Thursday, August 27, 2020

A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners

A Glossary of Weather Words for German Learners Regardless of whether you intend to venture out to Germany or essentially need to all the more likely comprehend the language, learning the German words for climate conditions can be useful. Examining the climate is an approach to make casual conversation with outsiders. Learning German climate words can likewise help arranging your movements simpler. Youll know to dodge stormy days and other terrible climate conditions.â This English-German glossary of climate terms can kick you off. Once youve surveyed the terms, consider making cheat sheets including the words (and their English partners) to all the more likely hold them.â A airâ e Luft air pressureâ r LuftdruckNote: In Europe and the vast majority of the world outside the U.S., barometric weight is estimated in hectopascals (hPa), once in the past millibars, not in crawls of mercury. In the International System (SI) of estimations, the unit of weight is the Pascal, named after Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), the French researcher and logician who made significant disclosures about pneumatic force. Ordinary pneumatic stress atâ sea level (MSL, NN) is 1013.25 hPa or 29.92 creeps of mercury. To change over between crawls of mercury and hectopascals/millibars, one millibar (hPa) is equivalent to 0.02953 creeps of mercury. aloftâ hoch droben anemometerâ r Windmesser atmosphereâ e Atmosphre aurora borealisâ s Nordlicht, (nà ¶rdliches) Polarlicht harvest time, fallâ r Herbst B balmyâ sanft,â lindbalmy breezesâ sanfte Brisen,â linde Lã ¼fte barometerâ r Barometer barometric pressureâ r Luftdruck dark iceâ s Glatteis breezeâ e Briseâ (- n) breezyâ windig,â luftig brightâ heiter C ceilingâ e Wolkenhã ¶he Celsiusâ alterable, variableâ vernderlich,â wechselhaft chilly kà ¼hl, frostigI feel chilly. Mir ist kã ¼hl. chinook windâ r Fã ¶hnâ (- e) der Fà ¶hn: This warm, dry, elevated breeze issimilar to a chinook wind. The wordFà ¶hn can additionally allude to an electricblow-dryer for hair.More wind: Seeâ tradewind/r Passatandâ sirocco/r Scirocco. clearâ heiter,â klar,â wolkenlos climatologyâ e Klimatologie cloudâ e Wolkeâ (- n)cumulus cloudâ e Kumuluswolke cloudburstâ r Platzregenâ (- )unexpected downpourâ r Platzregen cloudyâ bewã ¶lkt,â wolkig coldâ adj.â kaltvery coldâ sehr kaltcold, coldnessâ n.â e Klte cool(er)â kã ¼hlâ (- er)somewhat coolerâ etwas kã ¼hler cumulonimbus (cloud)â r Kumulonimbus cumulus (cloud)â r Kumulus cycloneâ r Zyklonâ (- en) D dampâ feuchtâ (- n) degreeâ r Grad10 degrees Celsiusâ 10 Grad Celsius (50F) dew pointâ r Taupunktâ (- e) downpourâ r Platzregenâ (- )cloudburstâ r Platzregen drizzleâ n.â r Nieselregen,â r Sprã ¼hregendrizzleâ v.â nieselnâ (- se) drizzly Niesel-drizzly weatherâ s Nieselwetter droughtâ e Dã ¼rre,â e Dã ¼rrekatastropheâ (- n) dryâ adj.â trocken drynessâ e Trockenheit dry spellâ e Trockenperiode dull, gloomyâ dã ¼ster,â trã ¼b dustâ r Staub dust devilâ kleiner Wirbelsturmâ (- stã ¼rme) dustyâ staubig E eastâ r Ost(en)in the eastâ im Osten easterly adj. Ost-, 㠶stlichan easterly windâ ein Ostwind easterlyâ n.â r Ostwindeasterliesâ die Ostwinde eyeâ n.â s Augeâ (- n)eye of the hurricaneâ s Auge des Orkans F Fahrenheitâ fairâ adj.â heiter,â schã ¶n fall, autumnâ r Herbst floodâ n.â e Flut,â s Hochwasser,â e ÃÅ"berschwemmungfloodâ v.â ã ¼berschwemmen floodingâ e ÃÅ"berschwemmung fogâ r Nebel foggyâ neblig,â nebelig forecastâ n.â e Voraussageâ (- n),â e Vorhersageâ (- n),â e Prognoseâ (- n)a short-go forecastâ eine Kurzfristvorhersage forecastâ v.â voraussagen,â vorhersagen forecasterâ r Meteorlogeâ (- n),â e Meteorloginâ (- nen) freezeâ v.â frieren freezingâ unter invalid freezing pointâ r Gefrierpunkt freezing rainâ r gefrorene Regen,â r Graupelâ (sleet) freshâ frisch frontâ r Frontcold frontâ e Kaltfront ice (hoarfrost), rimeâ r Reif,â r Raureif,â r Frost frostyâ frostigcovered with frostâ von Raureif bedeckt G galeâ r Sturmâ (wind)gale power windsâ orkanartige Windegale warningsâ e Sturmwarnung desolate, dullâ dã ¼ster,â trã ¼b gradual(ly)â allmhlich nursery effectâ r Treibhausekkekt blast, squallâ e Bã ¶eâ (- n)gusts up to 40 mph Bà ¶en bis zu 60 h/km (Stundenkilometer) H hailâ n.â r Hagel,â r Graupelâ (soft hail)hail v. hageln, graupelnIts hailing. Es hagelt.hail damageâ r Hagelschadenhailstoneâ r Hagelkornâ (- kã ¶rner)hailstormâ r Hagelsturmâ (- stã ¼rme) radiance (around moon/sun)â r Halo,â r Hof hazeâ n.â r Dunsthazyâ dunstig hectopascal (hPa) s Hektopascalâ (- )Unit of measure for barometric weight. See note underâ air pressureâ above and the Wetterlexikon. high (pressure)â s Hoch,â r Hochdruckbarometric pressure more than 1015 hPa Luftdruck von mehr als 1015 hPa high (temperature)â e Hã ¶chsttemperaturâ (- en)daytime highsâ die Tagestemperaturen hotâ heiãÿ humidâ feucht,â schwã ¼lâ (muggy) humidityâ e Luftfeuchte,â e Luftfeuchtigkeit hurricaneâ r Hurrikanâ (- e),â r Orkanâ (- e) I iceâ n.â s Eisblack iceâ s Glatteis ice-coldâ adj.â eiskalt icyâ adj.â eisig,â frostig inversionâ e Inversion,â e Temperaturumkehr isobarâ e Isobare J fly streamâ der Jetstream K kilobar (kb)  s Kilobarâ (metric unit of weight) tie  r Knotenâ (wind speed) L lingeringâ adj.â â zurã ¼ckbleibend lightning  r Blitzâ â Theres lightning. Es blitzt. low (pressure)  s Tief,â r Tiefdruckâ â barometric weight under 1015 hPa Luftdruck von weniger als 1015 hPa low-temperatureâ e Tiefsttemperaturâ (- en) M mercury  s Quecksilber meteorologist  r Meteorloge,â e Meteorlogin meteorology  e Meteorlogie,â e Wetterkunde mellow  mild,â leicht,â sanft millibar  s Millibar milliliter  r Milliliter millimeter  r Millimetterâ (precipitation)â â Berlin: Niederschlagsmengen - kick the bucket Jahressumme betrgt 590 mm. (Berlin: Precipitation - the yearly aggregate sums to 590 mm.) In Hamburg fallen im Jahresdurchschnitt 715 mm Niederschlag. (Around 715 mm of normal yearly precipitation falls in Hamburg.) - 100 mm 3.97 in. rainstorm  r Monsunâ â storm downpours  r Monsunregen moon  r Mond N pleasant  schã ¶n north  r Nord(en)â â in the north  im Nordenâ â northerly  Nord-, nã ¶rdlichâ â northerly wind  r Nordwind O intermittent (showers, and so forth.)  gelegentlich,â ab und zu severe (heat)  drã ¼ckend,â schwã ¼l ozone  s Ozonâ â ozone layer  e Ozonschicht P dried (land)  verdorrt,â ausgetrocknet incompletely shady  teilweise bewã ¶lkt,â wolkig sketchy haze  stellenweise Nebel permafrost  r Dauerfrostboden pourâ v.â â giessen,â schã ¼ttenâ â storm  r Platzregenâ (- ) â Its pouring down rain. Es regnet in Strã ¶men. precipitation  r Niederschlagâ â 20 crawls of precipitation a year  508 mm Niederschlag professional Jahr likelihood  e Wahrscheinlichkeitâ (- en)â â likelihood of rainâ e Niederschlagswahrscheinlichkeit visualization, gauge  e Voraussageâ (- n),â e Vorhersageâ (- n),â e Prognoseâ (- n) R radar  s Radar radar picture  s Radarbild radiation  e Strahlung brilliant vitality  e Strahlungsenergie rainâ n.â â r Regenrainâ v.â â regnenâ â Its pouring felines and dogs. Es regnet in Strã ¶men. rainbow  r Regenbogen raindrop  r Regentropfen precipitation  r Niederschlag downpour check  r Regenmesserâ (measured in millimeters) blustery  regnerisch blustery season  e Regenzeit S satellite view  s Satellitenbildâ (- er) scorchingâ adj.â â sehr heiãÿ ocean levelâ s Normalnull (NN), r Meeresspiegelâ â above ocean levelâ ã ¼ber dem Meeresspiegel,â ã ¼ber NN extreme (winds, storms)  rau,â schwer,â stark sheet lightning  s Wetterleuchtenâ â lightningâ r Blitz sparkle  scheinen shower  r Schauerâ (- ) showery  regnerisch sirocco  r Scirocco/r Schirokkoâ (a warm, breezy Mediterranean breeze) sky  r Himmel sleetâ r Graupel brown haze  r Smog snow  r Schnee snowfall  r Schneefall snowflake  e Scgneeflockeâ (- n) cold  verschneit sprinkle  nieseln gust, blast  â e Bã ¶eâ (- n),â r Schwall clingy (sticky)  schwã ¼l storm  s Unwetterstorm  r Sturmâ (high winds) turbulent  stã ¼rmisch sun  e Sonne radiant  sonnig daylight  r Sonnenschein T terribleâ adj.â â furchtbarâ â horrendous

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Crucible Essay

Considerably in the wake of doing those things the harassers despite everything end up to blame for whatever transpired, however in spite of all that, they had the option to recapture their lost respectability. In Miller's play it very well may be seen that characters were allowed the chance to w cap was correct which they utilized, anyway it was anything but a simple for them to make the definitive on of coming clean. A case of this is when John Proctor won't sign his name on an alliance. The explanation Proctor won't do so is on the grounds that he esteems his notoriety and more than anything he needs to keep his great name. Since it is my name! Since can't have another in my life! Since I untruth and sign myself to lies! Since I personally do not merit the residue on t he feet of them that hang! How may live without my name? I have given you my spirit; leave my name. † (Act 4 page 143. ) In this statement it is seen that Proctor is making a decent attempt to keep his name cl ean, and keeping in mind that doing so he couldn't care less about what the future outcomes would be. Simi Larry Reverend Hale has residents who admire him which places him as a more significant position authority. Implore you, somebody take these† (Act 1 page 36. Here it is indicated that Hale has p rower over the hissy fits and that he isn't worried about the others around. Anyway tow grants the end the two characters lose whatever power they had which makes them be consistent with twentieth fails and come clean and acquire back their lost honesty. At the point when the opportunity arrived Proctor acknowledged he en deed to vindicate himself. â€Å"A man may think God rests, yet God sees everything, know it no w. I beseech you, sir, I implore you see her what she is†¦ She thinks to hit the dance floor with me on my significant other's grave ! What's more, well she may, for I thought of her softly.God help me, I yearned, and there is a guarantee in such perspiration. Be that as it may, it is a prostitute's vengeance†¦ (Act 3 page 110. ) Here Proctor at long last concedes y o performing infidelity and admits to his past errors, despite the fact that it has cosseted him his life e. Likewise Hale does likewise, he admits to his mix-ups and comes out with whatever reality was toward the back to be told. â€Å"Let you not botch your obligation as I mixed up my own. † (Act 4 page 132. ) Hale after quite a while at last concedes that he abused his capacity and he recovers his lost respectability while e attempting to spare the lives of guiltless people.Also all through the play it tends to be seen that there is change between character s whether it be simply the character changing or helping different characters change. A genuine case of this would be from the earliest starting point of the play, when it is seen that Proctor is did gradually to his better half Elizabeth. â€Å"Baby, I may consider you delicately every once in a while. In any case, will remove my hand before I'll ever go after you again. Wipe it out of psyche. We never contacted, Baby† (A CT 1 page 23). This here shows that Proctor is unfaithful to his significant other and that he is additionally attempting to eradicate the past and keep reality with regards to his infidelity in the dark.In differentiate while Proctor w s unfaithful, Hale was being spurred by bad behaviors. â€Å"Why is everything straightforward. I come to accomplish the fallen angel's work. I come to direct Christians they ought to give a false representation of themselves. There is blood on my head. Would you be able to see the blood on my head† (Act 4 page 131). Here Hale is demonstrating that he has been persuaded by the fallen angel to foul up things. He here accepts that he is doing the fallen angel's w ark. Never the less much in the wake of showing such revolting qualities both character's figured out how to chi outrage themselves and again gain back any lost trus tworthiness.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Why Students Need Essay Samples

Why Students Need Essay SamplesThe students and the faculty of a college or university are the ones who determine what essay samples would be used in their classes. Most teachers, as well as the students, the desire to have excellent essays written by the writing experts in order to provide them with excellent grade results.Well, it is also beneficial for the students to understand that essay samples do not usually come with the practice or test papers that they need. Therefore, it is important for the students to seek the help of various writers or copy editors who can offer a good number of high quality, professional essay samples for them to use. These professionals have the skills of writing and editing that can help the students write an essay which can not only earn good grades but also can get them recognized by their colleagues and their teachers.Usually, the students do not have the time or the resources to go out and search for the best writer. They will definitely not be a ble to afford to hire an expensive writer for their requirements. It is also not easy for them to choose the right writing experts for the job. In fact, most students would prefer the better writing sample because it is always easier to write about what they are familiar with.Fortunately, you are now able to find the best writers and copy editors by just reading through several articles available online. As you browse through the Internet, you will come across various websites which feature writing samples by many renowned writers who are willing to help the students achieve their best academic performance. What you need to do is to read through these samples carefully before finally choosing the most suitable one.For this reason, when you are thinking of finding the best writers or writing samples for your projects, you should consider some key factors. One of the factors that you should consider is to look for a site which can easily access the various writing samples offered by t hese professionals. There are a number of sites that can easily serve as your source of great writing samples.Another factor that you need to think about when searching for the best writing samples is that you should not only be concerned about the price. You must also consider other factors like the type of writing samples offered, the availability of customer support, whether or not the website has a good reputation, and the plagiarism-free writing samples offered.You should also consider the benefits that you can get from a website that offers genuine and authentic writing samples. This can easily ensure that you will be able to get the best deals on essays. It is also a fact that an essay sample that is free of plagiarism will always get the highest marks for the writing project, but you have to understand that this may not always be true.You have to ensure that the writers have a good reputation in order to know how reliable the samples are. So, as a student, it is important fo r you to be wary of the websites that provide fake samples to the students.

Monday, May 25, 2020

The Effects Of Social Media On Education - 1657 Words

Our educational system has changed quite drastically. It is no longer just a place where one goes to learn Arithmetic, English, and Penmanship. It has evolved into something much more complex than that. The challenges our Educators are experiencing today are far more different than the ones they faced ten years ago. Technology has introduced some valuable tools that has vastly improved the way school administrators and parents are educating their children, but this type of advancement came with some risks. The influences of social media and the need to â€Å"keep up with the jones†, amongst other things, has caused our educational environment to changed drastically. A growing body of research indicates that positive school climate is associated with, and predicative of, academic achievement, school success, effective violence prevention, students’ healthy development, and teacher retention (ASCD). Unfortunately, our public school system is plagued with violence, includ ing bulling and suicide. School campuses have become the scene of some of the most heart-wrenching massacres. Our educators and students are under attack. It is a critical time in our children’s academic career. The need to assist our educators in their effort to not only educate, but to also protect our children, is at an all time high. One way to help alleviate some of the issues facing the educational system is to implement the use of school uniforms. It use will be a vital tool in aiding educators andShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1291 Words   |  6 Pages Social media sites are very popular throughout the United States. As technology advances, more social media sites advance for those who own a form of electronic device. Social media is a relationship that exists between the individual and the whole wide world. In today’s society, anything someone desires to know can be found on social media. We have several different forms of social med ia websites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube and several more. Since social media was invented youngRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Education992 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media is a crucial component in society, but should it be used in education? Critics may answer this question with a definite no, while advocates support the idea. Social media is illustrated by many social online websites that are used for communication by large groups of people. This topic is controversial in the world today because educational leaders are taking new approaches to learning. To begin with, many educational leaders struggle with the on-going debate of social media being usedRead MoreSocial Media Negative Effects On People1255 Words   |  6 Pages Social media negative effects on people psychology paper Research Question: How Social media has negative effects on people? Review of literature: Social Media may seem positive and safe, but they affect our daily lives more than you can think of. If someone is sad or mad it could be because they have just used social media . It’s true people’s emotions can change because of social media. Due to this fact I got curious andRead MoreEssay on Media Influence on American Youth848 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Influence on American Youth The United States of America has endured many massacres throughout the countries existents leaving scars in Americans hearts that will never cease to exist. 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The internet highly affects our brains and the power of education. The internet not only affects our brains, it also affects our education through other ways, such as social media, and a source for us to rely on instead of working as hard as we need to. Not everyone may realize this, but the internet is slowly changing our minds. There are positives and negative ways that technology is affecting our education. The negatives include forgetfulness and memorization skills. TechnologyRead MorePros and Cons of Social Media1064 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world to meet loved ones, share memories and stay in touch. Social media can be defined as â€Å"websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking† (Lubbe). Social networking sites have made it unbelievably easy to talk to friends and families who live far away, and share pictures and videos of every special event in one’s life. The facility however doesn’t end there. Social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are also commonlyRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Arab Countries1434 Words   |  6 Pagesrise of social media is a natural result of the internet expansion, with the ability for indivi duals to gain influence. It has brought the promise of democracy and democratic governance in a region where democracy has been quashed since the time of the Prophet Mohammad. Hence, social media has become a crucial method of interaction and a key driver in the way individuals, communities and organisations across the globe create a collaborative environment. The recent years has seen social media to rallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teens951 Words   |  4 PagesWhat effects does social media have on on teens? After reading the book Mediated by Thomas de Zengotita I had realized the over the too use of social media, by teens today, social media is leading to unhealthy mental and physical side effects. It is important to publicly state these effects in order to alert parents of what is happening to their teen. Through reading several articles on the subject, I quickly found and examined these unfavorable side effects, by constantly using social media peopleRead MoreSoci al Medi An Important Way For The World Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media has become an important way for the world to communicate and grow closer together. 52% of people report feelings of connectedness and happiness after going on social media 5% leave social media depressed (Oberst, 2). Social media platforms; which include SnapChat, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Tumblr, and many more. Generally, to be considered a major social media platform you need over 100,000,000 users. 52% of people feel that through social media they can improve how connected

Friday, May 15, 2020

The Impact Of Immigration On The American History

Aron Mengistu Professor R. Orkwis English 111 27 April 2016 American Immigration Since the beginning immigration has played an important role in the American history. America was built on immigrants, beginning with the first people that came in a ship called the Mayflower. They came to North America to see the unknown or the new world as they called it. Now they have adapted to their new place, also, more people have come since then. The big increase in immigration started in 1880, which the United States created the Immigration Service to watch the immigrants that were coming in. From 1900 to 1920 The Great Wave happened, where about 24 million people migrated to the united states (historical overview). But during the World War 1 and†¦show more content†¦That legislation, however, contained a series of compromises that should now be rejected. In a Sanders Administration, a legislative solution to modernize our immigration system will be a top priority. Establish a Reasonable and Fair Wait for Citizenship. Sanders wants a roadmap to citizenship that allows aspiring Americans to become lawful permanent residents and become citizens within five years. The registered provisional immigrant status in the 2013 Senate immigration bill was a compromise that delayed eligibility for citizenship and created additional, unnecessary bureaucracy (A fair and humane immigration policy). Then we got the Republican Trump and Cruz, who want to kick every illegal immigrant out because all illegal immigrants are criminals. The thing is, most of the illegal immigrants are criminal, but some work hard to make an honest living. America s prisons house 351,000 criminal aliens who committed a crime after having already broken the law by entering America illegally. Making taxpayers pay for 351,000 criminals who should never have been here in the first place is ridiculous. The annual price tag to incarcerate these thugs is $1.1 billion. And get this: criminal aliens have an average of seven arrests. That s at least seven

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Long Term Economic Growth - 1290 Words

As a product of colonization, the limited industrial development in the colonized area is a global issue. Because the widening gap between the rich and the poor between developing and developed countries, is the root reason of most of the contradictions and conflicts between countries in the contemporary world. And different level of industrialization caused the widening gap. So we can say the limited industrial development caused by colonialism is a real issue behind many current contradictions and conflicts. In order to reduce these conflicts and narrow the gap, the colonized countries should make a breakthrough on its limited industrialization by focusing on its own features-- resources and structures, and taking effective measures-- impoting foreign capital and technology and establishing independent or joint scientific research and ventures, to gain a long-term economic growth. For the relation between the colonization and the limited industrialization in colony, there are usu ally two views. One view is that people blame the colonizer were not willing to promote the development of industry in the colony. The other view is that people emphasize it was hard for the colonized to start the process of industrialization in the colony. In my opinion, both of the views are reasonable, but neither of them is comprehensive. In order to demonstrate my opinion on the relation, I choose British India and the Belgian Congo as two objects to analysis in the following paragraphsShow MoreRelatedThe On Long Term Economic Growth1768 Words   |  8 PagesThe government of Australia intends on focusing on long term economic growth specifically in relation to small business. The purpose of this report is to understand and analyses how the 1.5% tax cut on small business actually impacts or will potentially impact (positively or negatively) the economy. In relation to this topic, microeconomic theories have been used to gain an insight. For this purpose, most data have been co llected from secondary sources like literature reviews, journal article, governmentRead MoreShort Term And Long Term Perspective Of Institutional Development And Economic Growth Essay829 Words   |  4 PagesShort-term orientation (LTO) retrained focuses on the degree the society embraces, or does not embrace, short-term devotion to keeping up with the joneses (Itim international, 2015). â€Å"There is a dramatic need for a comprehensive strategy of Eurozone stability, institutional consolidation, and economic recovery and development that goes to the roots of the trouble, and places the necessary short-term stabilization measures within the long-term perspective of institutional development and economicRead MoreLong And Short Term Effects Of The War On Sri Lankans Economic Growth760 Words   |  4 Pagesparts. Part A is Long and Short term effects of the War on Sri Lankans economic growth(Ganegodage Rambaldi, 2014), in which the researchers propose a theoretical and econometric framework to evaluate the impact of war oneconomic growth of a developing country with an open economy and test it with Sri Lankan data (1960-2008). The hypothesis of this study isthat the war has negative effects on GDP in both short and long-run. Part B: Modelling volatility of US personal consumption growth which based onRead MoreThe pursuit of economic growth is not in peoples long term interset. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement. Discuss2336 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: Economic growth is the percentage increase in total output of the economy at constant prices. In another way, Economic Growth is defined as the way that the real income of an economy increases over time. Such increases mean that real incomes have improved and so probably have living standards. Thus the raising of the standard of living is closely tied to Economic growth. This generally signifies that the economy is wealthier and producing more, individuals are better off, and thatRead MoreInterest Rates And Economic Growth1737 Words   |  7 PagesINTEREST RATES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DHRUV DHINGRA 18192804 Principles of Economics Term Assignment Index Title No. Particulars Page No. 1. Introduction/Significance of the Problem 3 2. Analysis 4 2.1 Illustration on the basis if analysis 6 3. Conclusion 9 4. References 10 Title 1 Introduction and Significance of the problem Economic growth of any country reflects its capacity to increase production of goods and services. The simplest definition of economic growth can be stated as the increaseRead MoreThe Management Of The Macroeconomy1594 Words   |  7 Pagesby political as well as economic considerations?/ careful thought The management of the macroeconomy is crucial for a countries stable economic growth. In this essay we will evaluate the effects of following economic as well as political considerations and determine whether a particular drive is beneficial or detrimental to a countries macroeconomy. Initially when referring to the macroeconomy we focuses on the aggregate changes in the economy such as unemployment, growth rate, gross domestic productRead MorePrivate Investments in Human Capital Growth in Asian Countries683 Words   |  3 Pagesone of the key success factor that contributes to the tremendous economic growth in the last forty years of development in asian countries like singapore, hong kong and south korea. The objective of a government economic policy is to achieve stability. A volatile business cycle is not ideal to the economy as the rapid growth of an economy with high demand and inflation will lead to a recession as the long term inflationary growth will not be sustainable. 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Economic growth powers an economy through the stability ensured by equilibrium in the circular flow of money accompanied by: growing international competitiveness in a globalised market, increase in real GDP through the appropriate allocation of resources most suited to the expansion of the economy, increase in aggregate demand and increased efficiency in the economy. Stagnation orRead MoreEconomic Growth and Development1547 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ECONOMIC DEVELOP MENT AND GROWTH Economic development and growth may not be the same thing depending on how growth rate is affecting the countrys socio-economic development. However important and well known theories of macro-economic suggest that if markets are left on their own, people will improve their socio-economic wellbeing automatically as the result of better economic growth rate of the country. In other words, financial liberalization automatically leads to socio-economic uplift as suggested

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Discuss Evolution of Motivation free essay sample

In response, a series of theories were explored to in areas of job satisfaction and motivation. In consideration in ways in which motivation might make individuals more effective, both theory and empirical studies will be discussed. In the next section, first an account of traditional models will be presented and then following an account of contemporary models will be presented. Early theories of motivation started to be studied during the 1950’s and 60’s, and it was this period that saw four key theories formulate to provide explanations of motivation. These include the Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow, 1954), Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor, 1960), the Two Factor Theory (Herzberg, 1966) and McClelland’s Theory of Needs (McClelland, 1961). To begin with, in 1954, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory hypothesised that within every human being, there exists a hierarchy of five needs. These include: Physiological (at the bottom), Safety, Social, Esteem and Self-actualisation (at the top). He believed that as each need becomes substantially satisfied, the next need above in the hierarchy would then become the dominant need. It seems that because of the simplicity of Maslow’s theory and, in fact, the intuitive logic that the theory presents, it has remained popular in organisations. It has, however, attracted much criticism on the basis that there is very little evidence to support theories such as, that unsatisfied needs motivate, or that a satisfied need activates a new level of need. In 1960, McGregor suggested two distinct views of human beings, Theory X (Negative) and Theory Y (Positive). These allocated two assumptions. Theory X assumed that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility and must be coerced to perform. In contrast, Theory Y assumed that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility and can exercise self-direction. From his findings he believed that Theory Y was more valid than Theory X and suggested ideas such as participative decision making and challenging jobs to maximise an employee’s job motivation. Much like Maslow’s theory, unfortunately McGregor too lacks any empirical evidence to support his theories and hence there is no confirmation that by following his view to accept Theory Y and altering actions to comply with it, would be lead to more motivated workers. Then, in 1966, Herzberg proposed his Two Factor Theory, also widely known as the Motivation-Hygiene Theory. The theory relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Herzberg therefore recommended job enrichment which would be created through greater freedom and independence. Indeed Herzberg’s theory stimulated much more research in the time that followed, however again, it is apparent that the theory is ultimately flawed for several reasons. In 1961, of the all of traditional theories, it was McClelland’s Theory of Needs that had the best research support, and stated that achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs to help explain motivation. The research has been mainly focused on the need for achievement and consistent results show that people with high achievement need are interested in how well they do personally and not in influencing others to do well. McClelland’s, however, argued that the three needs are subconscious meaning that measuring such data is not easy. In order to measure the needs of individuals is, in fact, time consuming and expensive and therefore many organisations have not invested in measuring McClelland’s theory. It is clear that, for the most part, the issue with the traditional theories is that evidence to back up the theories is in short supply and it therefore becomes an idea without much credibility to back it up. There are a number of contemporary theories that, unlike the traditional theories, have some valid supporting documentation, and the following section will consist of these ideas. Firstly, the Cognitive Evaluation Theory states that allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that had previously been intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation. Ryan et al. (1983) looked at 96 college students and tested them on working out puzzle-solving activities where various reward conditions were in effect where that supplying rewards undermined the intrinsic motivation of the subjects. This particular study mentioned does well to back up much of the research that has been conducted and draws similar conclusions, although it can be said that the small sample is questionable, and indeed the type of sample, ie students, does not reflect that of the real world. In the grander scheme of research provided on this subject, however, it is widely accepted that providing challenging goals will lead to higher productivity. That said, the theory does not consider absenteeism, turnover or satisfaction. Reinforcement Theory (Skinner, 1961) says that behaviour is a function of its consequences meaning that the reinforcement forms the behaviour. This theory addresses some of the issues that were not considered in the previous study, e. g. absenteeism, however it does not deal with issues including employee satisfaction or the decision to quit, and surely these are things to keep in mind when thinking of a motivated employee. It could be that positive results come from reinforcement theory and yet satisfaction, and hence motivation have are negatively affected. Equity Theory says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. When keeping employees motivated, it is important for managers to consider the model of organisational justice that provides explanation on what an employee may consider when comparing their job income-output ratio. Distributive Justice (perceived fairness f outcome), Procedural Justice (perceived fairness of process used to determine outcome) and Interactional Justice (perceived way of being treated) combine to create Organisational Justice (overall perception of fairness in the workplace). It seems that in order to achieve high satisfaction and motivational levels by applying Equity theory, an organisation and the management within need to be as transparent and honest with their staff as possible while showing no bias towards individuals. Finally Vroom’s Expectancy Theory (1964) says that employees will be motivated to exert high levels of effort when they believe that the effort will lead to organisational rewards such as bonuses, salary increases, promotions etc. The theory focuses on three relationships that include effort-performance relationship, performance-reward relationship and rewards-personal goals relationship. While Expectancy theory has valid points associating behaviours that people consider expected outcomes, few people perceive a high correlation between performance and rewards and therefore the theory becomes idealistic. It is believed by the theory that companies should reward individuals for performance; however in reality managers are restricted to organisation criteria that takes into account other factors such as seniority, effort and job difficulty. In conclusion, the evolution of motivational theory has gone from a period of traditional theories that were largely unproven or too expensive and time consuming to consider adequate research, to a plethora of empirical studies that, while still open to criticism, have contributed to the widely accepted contemporary theories that I have previously mentioned. While individually, it can be said that each of the contemporary theories focuses on a specific area of research, and hence does not consider certain areas of interest. But by combining all of the theories in order to insert resolved problems from one theory to address an unresolved from another, it begins to create a much more solid theory in itself.